Abayobora insinga ni umuringa na aluminium.Aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu yambaye umuringa ukomoka kuri aluminium, insinga y'umwimerere na kabili ni imiyoboro y'umuringa, kubera ko amashanyarazi yayo n'amashanyarazi ari byiza, 20 ℃ DC irwanya ni 1.72 × 10ˉ 6Ω ˙cm.
Ubushinwa guhera mu myaka ya za 1950, kubera Intambara yo muri Koreya, kubera ko umuringa ari ibikoresho by’ingirakamaro kandi byafatiriwe n’ibihugu by’aba capitaliste.Abashinwa baracyibuka ishyaka ryo gukunda igihugu bitabira umuhamagaro wo gutanga ibicuruzwa byabo bya bronze mu gihugu.Mugihe kimwe, "aluminium aho kuba umuringa" mubice byose byubuzima, hamwe ninsinga ya aluminium na kabili nka politiki tekinike yo gushyira mubikorwa.Mu turere tumwe na tumwe aho umutekano n’ubwizerwe bidakabije, hakoreshwa insinga n’insinga za aluminiyumu, ndetse no mu nyubako nshya zo guturamo - ahantu hagomba guhangayikishwa n’umutekano hashobora gukemurwa gusa.Kuberako aluminiyumu iruta umuringa haba mumashanyarazi ndetse nubukanishi.Kurwanya DC kuri 20 ℃ ni 2.82 × 10ˉ 6Ω ˙cm, bikubye inshuro 1.64 z'umuringa.Ubworoherane bwayo butuma ingingo yoroha kumeneka, kandi kubera kunyerera kuranga, kwizerwa kwingingo kugabanuka.Ibyo bita creep ni deforme ya thermoplastique yiyongera hamwe nigihe kiri munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru (nka 70 ° C) hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi (nka compression ya bolt).Ninimpamvu nyamukuru yo kugabanuka kwizerwa ndetse no kwangirika kwinsinga ninsinga.Nyuma yubushakashatsi bwigihe kirekire, hari ingamba zo guhangana nazo zabonetse, nko gushimangira ubugenzuzi no guhora dushimangira gukomera.
Birumvikana ko ibintu buri gihe bigira impande ebyiri, kubera ko insinga ya aluminium itwara insinga nigiciro cyayo ari gito, uburemere bworoshye, bigabanya cyane imbaraga zubwubatsi kandi biremewe.
Ku ivugurura no gufungura igihe, iterambere ryihuse mu bukungu, ibisabwa by’ubuziranenge bw’abantu kugira ngo biteze imbere, bakureho inzitizi zimwe na zimwe, ibisubizo biva ku buryo bukabije bikagera ku bindi bikabije, ku nkombe y’amajyepfo y’iburasirazuba gufata iyambere mu kureka “aluminium aho kuba umuringa ”, insinga na kabili hafi ya byose bikoresha imiyoboro y'umuringa, ubujyakuzimu n'ubugari bitigeze bibaho.Ubujyakuzimu - igipimo cy'abatwara umuringa na aluminiyumu kirenze icy'ibihugu byateye imbere, n'ubugari - bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro kuva ku nkombe y'amajyepfo y'iburasirazuba kugera imbere.
Iterambere ryibintu ryagiye muburyo bunyuranye, nkuko igiciro cyumuringa cyazamutse, kuburyo igiciro cyinsinga na kabili cyikubye kabiri, abantu bagomba gutekereza.Muri icyo gihe, inkubi ebyiri ntoya, imwe ni ukugaragara kwa kabili ya aluminiyumu yambaye umuringa, indi ni iyinjizwa rya tekinoroji ya kabili ya aluminiyumu ivuye muri Amerika ya Ruguru.Umugozi wa Aluminium alloy waje mu Bushinwa.
Umugozi wa aluminiyumu wambaye umuringa urasabwa gusimbuza insinga z'umuringa.Ariko mubyukuri birakwiriye gusa kubice bito byambukiranya no kubikoresho byihuta cyane, kubera ingaruka zuruhu rwumuvuduko mwinshi, insinga ya aluminiyumu yambaye umuringa irashobora gukina ibyiza byayo.Ibipimo byimbere mu gihugu n’amahanga nabyo bigarukira gusa kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki.Umuringa wambaye umuringa wa aluminiyumu ntushobora gukoreshwa mu gukora insinga z'amashanyarazi, kuruhande rumwe, urakoreshwa gusa kumurongo umwe, gukoresha imirongo myinshi yubusobanuro bwatakaye, kurundi ruhande, tekinoroji ihuriweho ntishobora gukemurwa, inkubi y'umuyaga rero yahise iba umuvuduko muke.
Imiyoboro ya aluminiyumu ni aluminiyumu yamashanyarazi hamwe na silikoni, umuringa, zinc, fer, boron nibindi bintu.Ibikoresho bya mashini byatejwe imbere cyane, nko guhinduka 靱 gutezimbere, kurwanya ibimera bigenda neza cyane.Iyo inzira ya annealing ari nziza, amashanyarazi yayo arashobora kuba hafi ya aluminium yamashanyarazi."Umuyoboro wa kabili" Igipimo rusange cyigihugu GB / T3956-2008 gifata imbaraga za aluminium na aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu ku gaciro kamwe.
Bumwe mu buhanga bwingenzi bwa kabili ya aluminiyumu ni ihuriro.Ibikoresho nibikorwa byubufatanye nibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumiterere, kandi inganda zikora insinga zitangiza ikoranabuhanga zitanga serivise tekinike usibye kugurisha insinga.Niba ihuriro rigomba kwizerwa, utanga isoko agomba gushyiraho umunyamwuga wo kuyobora ubwubatsi.Kubwibyo, igiciro cyacyo kiri hejuru cyane yicyuma cya aluminium.Kubera inyungu nini, abayikora kuva mu ntangiriro ya ebyiri, mu buryo butunguranye yazamutse igera ku barenga 100, umuyaga muto uraguka.Kuberako ibigo biriho byakozwe hakurikijwe amahame yimishinga yabo, bisa nkaho ari bimwe, ariko ubuziranenge buratandukanye cyane.
Ni ikihe gihombo kinini cyinsinga z'umuringa na aluminium?Ibitekerezo biratandukanye.Hano, amakuru arivugira wenyine.
Ibiharuro byo kubara insinga ni:
△ P = Ι2˙Rθj˙L˙NC˙NP × 10ˉ³ (1)
Q = △ P˙ζ (2)
Aho: △ P - Gutakaza ingufu, kwat
Q - Gukoresha ingufu, kWt
Rθj - Kurwanya AC kuburebure bwuburebure bwumuyoboro umwe ubara uruhu ningaruka zegeranye nubushyuhe θ, Ω / km
- Kubara ibyagezweho, A.
NC, NP - Umubare w'abayobora kuri loop n'umubare w'imizunguruko
- Amasaha ntarengwa yo gutakaza umutwaro, h / umwaka
L - Uburebure bwumurongo, km
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-28-2024